不管是因为题目生僻还是手速太慢,总是在考试结束后收到烤鸭的私信:
考试写作没写够字数,是不是凉了?
答案是:Yes and no.
仔细读题的同学们应该能注意到,雅思小作文的字数要求是150字以上,大作文的字数要求是250字以上。这是白纸黑字写在试卷上的要求,建议大家还是优先遵守:
而官方之所以规定字数在150和250字以上,是因为正常写完一篇符合要求的作文,差不多都能达到这个字数。以雅思大作文为例:
第一段
一般来说,大作文第一段会作为introduction段落,对题目进行一定程度的改写,并给出直接明确的回答,明确告诉读者我的立场是什么。
因为评分标准中7分要求是presents a clear position throughout the response(文章从头到尾立场清晰),所以建议高分段同学在首段就要点明自己的立场。
拿剑13 Test1 的大作文举一个例子,以下是大作文题目:
Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious social problems, as well as practical problems.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?(住在一个说外语的国家会导致一些社交和实际问题,你同意吗?)
以下是剑桥真题附录中,一篇6.5分学生作文的第一自然段:
It is clear that living in a foreign country has its own benefits and drawbacks to consider. I agree with this statement, however I think that anybody coming in another country should respect national culture. In this essay, I would like to outline the social and practical problems.
改写题目,表明同意,48个字。
主体段
接下来,在大作文中,我们一般会写2-3段主体段,分别给出一个主要观点,来支撑我们在首段中表明的立场。
我们刚刚选择了同意,确实会出现社交问题和实际问题,所以一个比较清晰、有逻辑的分段方法就是:社交问题写一段,实际问题写一段,共两个主体段。
每个主体段中,列举2-3个分论点,并分别进行简要的拓展和论证。比如,例文中的第二段列举了两个社交问题,每个社交问题都进行了一定解释或举例说明:
The social problems would be language barrier, which means that a person coming from another country might not be able to speak and understand the language which might be a problem as far a person who is living in a country, and a person who came in the country. Another problem is linked to the language barrier, but it might influence the behavior of others. An individual who come into the country might offend others with their behavior or language. For example, some cultures like English people prefer to be very polite and say things differently from other cultures. Therefore, a person who doesn’t know how to behave in a particular culture might offend others around him.本段共117字。
那么,接下来就轮到讨论实际问题了,也是列举两个具体的实际问题,并分别进行解释或举例说明:
The practical problems would be misunderstanding of culture. That means that a person who visit other countries does not understand other culture and he behaves as he wants to. The second practical problem is finding a job. An individual who works in foreign country might not be appropriate for people who he serves. For example, if an individual works in a restaurant, the people who live in a country and they were born in that country might not respect and not like the behavior of a person who works in a restaurant, it might be because, the cultures are different.
本段共100字。
不少烤鸭大作文字数无法达到250字,往往是因为主体段中,某一个或者某几个观点是没有进行论证的,只是单纯把自己的一个想法列出来了,没有进行进一步的解释或举例说明,而这样的写法会对分数上,会有影响。
在评分标准中,Task Response这一项写到:
7分 presents, extends and supports main ideas呈现、延展、支持主要观点
6分 presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear
呈现相关主要观点,但有一些拓展不足或不清晰。
所以,某些观点,不进行论证/解释/拓展,就会导致在Task Response维度上,产生至少1分的差距,所以,有的同学字数不够,分数也不理想,其实是因为观点没有进行论证,而导致Task Response被扣分。
结尾段
来到大作文最后一段,我们的目的是总结概括主体段的主要观点;部分题型还需要简要说明,为什么这些主要观点导致我们选择了最后的立场;或是给出简要的小建议和展望,通常最多1-2句话。
比如这篇6.5分的例文最后一段,再次点明住在一个说外语的国家确实会出现一些问题,并用最后一句话给了一个小建议:
To summarize, it can be said that there are a lot of misconceptions which people have people have when they come in a foreign country, and in my opinion and from my personal experience people should educate themselves in order to know how to behave in different situations with different cultures.
本段51字。
如果因为考试时间太紧张,没有时间写最后一自然段,导致字数不够,会影响到分数,因此需要把控好时间。
在讨论利弊类作文中,题目问到了Do the advantages overweigh the disadvantages? 而在写作的过程中,主体段只是列举了好处和坏处分别是什么,没有在文中用语言暗示或明示,好处和坏处谁overweigh谁。
那么最后一段除了概括主要利弊,还需要写一个非常重要的内容,就是为什么你在知道既有好又有坏之后,还选择了好大于坏,或者坏大于好呢?这是需要用至少一句话去论证的,因为这是文中没有写过的新信息。所以这个时候,是有写最后一段的必要的。如果没写,就会被判定为文章结构不完整。
所以,字数不够作文会不会凉,取决于文章结构是否完整,立场是否清晰,每个分论点是否进行了论证,这些是评分标准里明文规定的。
另外,建议大家平时加大语言积累和写作练习,提高自己的写作速度,在考场上,尽量能满足字数要求,这样考完之后,就不用担心自己是否会因为字数不够被扣分了~ 加油吧!
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